Daniel Gray

FRC Plasma Fusion Imagine a fusion reactor that works more like a smoke ring than a donut—a compact, potentially cheaper alternative to the massive tokamak reactors that have dominated fusion research...

Inertial Confinement Fusion: Compressing Matter to Fusion Conditions Imagine using the world's most powerful lasers to compress a tiny pellet of hydrogen to conditions hotter and denser than the cente...

Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration (PFRC): A Compact Fusion Approach While most fusion research focuses on massive devices like ITER, a smaller team at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has been...

Stellarator: The Twisted Path to Fusion While tokamaks dominate fusion research, another magnetic confinement approach has been quietly advancing: the stellarator. Unlike tokamaks, which use plasma cu...

Tokamak: The Dominant Approach to Magnetic Confinement Fusion For over half a century, the tokamak has been the workhorse of fusion energy research—a donut-shaped device that uses powerful magnetic fi...

Closed Poloidal Loops: Magnetic Field Topology in Fusion Plasmas Closed poloidal loops are a fundamental concept in magnetic confinement fusion, referring to magnetic field lines that form closed loop...